MMA

Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defence; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage.[1] Etymology "Martial arts" is a direct English translation of the Sino-Japanese word (Japanese: 武芸, romanized: bu-gei, Chinese: 武藝; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bú-gē; pinyin: wǔyì). Literally, it refers to "武 martial" and "艺 arts". It was first used in the Japanese-English dictionary "Takenobu Japanese-English Dictionary (Collection of the National Diet Library of Japan)" published by a Japanese person in 1918, and then spread to the general public in the West. This is why the term "martial arts" is now often associated with oriental martial arts that are strongly associated with orientalism, rather than simply referring to combat systems.[citation needed] Здесь вы можете слушать онлайн Audio, Audio 2, mp3 бесплатно и без регистрации.